In the human body, to provide any part of the oxygen body and the necessary nutrients for the proper course of metabolic processes, a network of blood vessels is provided: arteries and veins. Saturated oxygen blood flows through arteries, and blood with processing products flows through the veins: carbon dioxide and metabolic processes waste, which must be transmitted to the organs to eliminate them from the body. But if the blood flow is quite high along the arteries, then the bloodstream slows down in the veins and the blood contained in them, overcomes the force of gravitational attraction, returning to the heart. So that there is no mechanical exit of blood through the veins, valves are provided, which open only in one direction up. After closing them, the blood cannot flow down. But for several reasons, these valves lose their elasticity, elasticity and do not close, allowing part of the blood in the veins to fall and accumulate in the veins in a volume greater than that of physiological laws.
This excess volume of blood causes the expansion of the veins and causes a change in the wall of the blood vessels: pockets are formed where stagnant blood is collected. All this pathological process is called: varicose disease or varicose veins. More often, varicose veins are manifested in the legs, since here a greater volume of venous blood is collected, but it is not rarely manifested in the hands. What contributes to this?
Causes of varicose veins
For the development of any disease, there must be predisposing factors and provoke. The first includes:
- The inheritance of the transmission of the non -viability of the structure of the circulatory system, in particular the valve apparatus,
- Congenital changes in the vessels,
- Violations of metabolic processes, which lead to the thinning of the vessel wall and the loss of elasticity (diabetes mellitus, violation of the function of the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands),
- Age changes in the walls of ships.
Provocative factors:
- A sedentary lifestyle, there is no necessary muscle job to contract and mechanically push the blood through the vessels,
- Long -term standing on the legs during the day (teachers, hairdressers, behind the machine in factories, etc. ),
- Excess body weight,
- Pregnancy (metabolism changes and load on the legs increases, and intravascular pressure increases during childbirth),
- Long and frequent physical effort with lifting weights (bars, engines),
- lesions of the muscles of the extremities or blood vessels,
- The toxic effect of nicotine, alcohol, chemicals, drugs.
Clinical manifestations of varicose veins in arms and legs
- It all begins with fatigue complaints in the legs or hands, their rapid fatigue, a feeling of gravity and numbness in them first appears at the beginning of the working day, and then constantly.
- Swelling appears, swelling, more often is observed in the legs at night.
- The extended vessels become notable, first with physical effort and stress, and then they are visible at rest, the vascular stars called.
- The confusion (CONES) appears throughout the glass, increasing in volume during physical or coughing, sneezing (with an increase in intra -abdominal pressure).
Varicose veins of the veins of the pelvis
It is characterized by long -term pain pains in the pelvis, the abundant discharge of the vagina, painful sexual acts, rapid urine and urinary incontinence. A re -falta and childbirth, tumors in the pelvis and the uterus are a provocative factor, which mechanically presses the veins, an increase in intra -abdominal pressure. Pain can be given to any part of the abdomen, but more frequently in the groin and sacrum.
Expansion of intraabdominal space veins
The most dangerous expansion of the liver veins (portal veins) and the esophagus. They expand less frequently, but they are dangerous for health due to their possible bleeding, which means the difficulty of providing medical care in this case.
Dangerous complications of varicose disease
- Venous blood stagnates in the veins and does not experience a cleaning of harmful substances and toxins in time, which means that the body is constantly experiencing self -reflection, which further exacerbates metabolic disorders and poisoning.
- In the nodes or pockets of the blood vessels, the volume of blood accumulates, the blood cells (platelets) stick and form a thrombus. It can close the light of the same glass, and can reach the vessels of the lungs, the heart, the brain with a blood flow and cause a violation of the blood supply, which is manifested:
- Thromboembolism of the acute pulmonary artery (violation of the respiratory that leads to the death of the patient),
- A stroke that can have a different nature of rape of functions (from a slight paresis of the limbs to a deep disability and even a fatal result),
- myocardial and light infarction,
- Thrombosis of blood vessels, which leads to blindness.
Stages of varicose veins
The first is the stage of complaints when there are no visible signs of vascular damage:
- convulsive tightening of the muscles of the posterior surface of the legs, brushes and shoulders;
- Burning night pain in them;
- The swelling of the feet and hands after the physical effort and if the hand or leg and the suest is especially low without movement, the convenient shoes in the morning at night begin to cause discomfort in the legs.
The second: pain becomes more persistent in intensity, appears "vascular stars" longer, swelling of the feet, which may not pass during sleep until morning. There are restrictions during work, the need for a short -term rest.
The third: pain and numb intensify, acquire a constant character, more burning at night, during sleep is difficult for a person to find a convenient position. The pronounced visual changes of the skin appear: skin dryness is improved, the tendency to crack, the veins are expanding significantly, nodules appear. The night rest does not give relief to good. For the long unpaid ulcers they appear rapidly, in the late period, inflammation in them joins: thrombophlebitis.
VENAS EXPANSION DIAGNOSIS
- Correctly evaluate the patient's complaints.
- An ultrasound exam through the abdominal wall or through the vagina for pelvis pain: the presence of lot curves and the expansion of light will be notable.
- Dopplegraphy allows you to estimate the speed of blood flow through the veins.
In heavy and non -understandable cases, surgeons resort to laparoscopy.
Treatment of varicose veins
No drug treatment: to normalize the correct lifestyle to maintain body weight in relation to age, take a break at work and be able to walk, not limit fluid intake. During the rest, give the legs a high position. Use compression underwear if necessary (stockings, golfs). Massage courses, exercise therapy, spa treatment.
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT: Take medications especially in tablets or use ointments locally in the form of applications and compressed
Surgical treatment: aimed at eliminating the damaged vein or its plastic.
How to prevent the development of varicose veins
- People who are at risk (drivers, hairdressers, seamstresses, surgeons, heavy work workers) must carefully listen to changes in the body, while notifying and evaluating pain syndrome, and do not cancel everything for general fatigue.
- Try to exclude the long -term forced positions of the body: sit with an abandoned foot on another knee, sit in "squatting. "Change the body position more frequently.
- During the day, to carry out a small warm (walking, bowing the body forward and backward, on squatting), so this will allow the muscles to the limbs to mechanically pump the blood vessels. Run a little or jump in the place.
- Follow and perform weight correction, especially in adulthood, when blood flow rate tends to decrease.
- Do not use things that squeeze the body, exclude delaying linen.
- Change the heel height during the day from high to bass. Preference to give heels of 2 to 5. 5 cm high.
- Be sure to walk barefoot in artificial gravel (needle carpets, shell imitation).
- Healthy diet with a high content of vitamin C (vegetables, chucrut, berries).
- Exclude bad habits.
- Massage courses or lymphatic drainage sessions.
- Participate in swimming if there are no contraindications (disc hernia): Scandinavian walk.
ATTENTION: Varicose veins are progressive, it is not likely to complete the cure and is quite dangerous with its complications. You should always remember this and take measures for prevention from the young man and not neglect them when later. Taking care of legs is the concern about healthy old age.